Patients and samples

Patient samples were collected at the Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, from February 2019 to June 2020. Fourteen glioblastoma tissues (Grade IV) and six non-tumor brain tissues obtained from patients underwent cranial injury internal decompression as for negative control were collected and enrolled. The tissues were collected by surgery and stored at −80 °C. All patients were officially informed and signed consent forms. The diagnoses of the above samples were provided by two individual pathologists under the guidance of the WHO glioma classification criteria. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (as revised in 2013). This study has been approved by the ethics committee of the Naval Medical University (No. 112019053).