5.1. Material and Reagents

Whole plants of S. alopecuroides with mature fruits were collected in suburban Changji city, Xinjiang province, China, in July 2020 (Lat 43.9315 N, Lon 87.3483 E, with an elevation of 602.67 m). Plants were identified by Prof. Li Wenjun from the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Plant materials were air dried in our laboratory in the shade at room temperature for two weeks before use. Aloperine, matrine, oxymatrine, oxysophocarpine, sophocarpine, and sophoridine (98% purity) were purchased from Desite Biology Co., Ltd. (Chengdu, Sichuan, China).