Frozen paw tissues (100 mg) were homogenized in RIPA lysis buffer (1 ml) containing a protease inhibitor cocktail (Pierce, Rockford, IL, United States), and the protein concentration was calculated with a bicinchoninic acid (BCA) assay kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific). The levels of the cytokines, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, and TNF-α, were measured using murine ELISA kits (eBioscience Inc., San Diego, CA, United States) (Yen et al., 2020).
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