HRMS spectra were analyzed on an LTQ-ORBITRAP-ETD instrument (Thermo Scientific, MA, USA). NMR spectra were recorded on the Varian spectrometers (400/500/600 MHz) (Brucker, Ettlingen, Germany). CD spectroscopy was measured by using JASCO (J-185, Tokyo, Japan) at room temperature (25 °C). Crystal data using Cu Kα radiation were acquired on a Rigaku APEX-II XtaLAB PRO MM007HF diffractometer at 100 K. Optical Rotatory Dispersion (ORD) spectrum was used to determine the optical activity of compounds (Rudolph Research Analytical, Autopol IV, USA). For purification of compounds, column chromatography (CC) was carried out using silica gel or Sephadex LH-20. Reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) was performed using a Waters 1525 Binary HPLC Pump equipped with a Welch Ultimate AQ-C18 column (250 × 10 mm, 5 μm, Welch Materials Inc., Shanghai, China) and a Waters 2489 UV/Visible Detector (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan).
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