Carbapenemase production was confirmed phenotypically by the Modified Hodge Test (MHT). For this, an overnight suspension of E. coli (ATCC 25922) adjusted to a turbidity of the 0.5 McFarland standard was inoculated evenly on the surface of the MHA plate containing 70 μg per ml of ZnSO4. After drying at room temperature, meropenem was placed at the center of the plate, and then the screening positive isolates were stroked from the edge of the disk to the periphery of the plate and incubated overnight at 37 °C aerobically. The presence of a clover leaf-shaped inhibition zone was considered carbapenemase production. The confirmed isolates were preserved in 25% glycerol and stored at − 20 °C until further confirmation by molecular test.
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