5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine (EdU) cell proliferation assay

In total, 1 × 10⁵ of OVCAR3‐sc and OVCAR3‐shPPA1 cells were seeded in a 24‐well plate and incubated for 24 h. Then, an EdU (5′‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine) incorporation assay was performed to quantify cell proliferation using a Cell‐Light^™ EdU DNA Cell Proliferation Kit (Guangzhou Ribobio Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Cell groups that were not subsequently treated with EdU served as the negative controls.