Before extrusion, a solution composed of 0.5 wt% poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (polyDADMAC) with a molecular weight of 200–300 kDa and 0.5 mol l−1 NaCl is allowed to flow through the channels in order to coat the glass capillaries with polyDADMAC to prevent fiber adhesion. Three syringe pumps (Harvard PHD Ultra, New Era NE-300) are loaded with plastic syringes containing the ternary fluid, bore fluid, and outer water phase, and connected with PTFE tubing to the fiber extrusion device. The extrusion device is held vertically by finger clamps attached to a lab stand (Supplementary Fig. 14a). The fiber is extruded at the flow rates for the outer water Q W of 0.5–2 ml min−1, ternary fluid Q T ranging from 10–20 ml h−1, bore fluid Q B ranging from 1 to 10 ml h−1.
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