L. infantum (isolate HU-UFS14) was cultured in Schneider medium with 20% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum, 5% penicillin and streptomycin (both from Sigma-Aldrich, Saint Louis, MO, USA), and 2% male human urine. Parasite virulence was maintained by serial passages in BALB/c mice. Mice were injected in their retro-orbital plexus with 107 stationary-phase L. infantum promastigotes in 100 μL of PBS. Hepatic and splenic parasite burdens were determined using a quantitative limiting dilution assay.
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