Ethical approval was obtained from the department of community medicine, University of Khartoum.
Permission was obtained from the State Ministry of Health to collect data from Ibrahim Malik Teaching Hospital and Al‐Sha'ab Hospital.
Permission was obtained from the Management of private medical institutions to collect data in Fedail hospital.
Permission was obtained from all the selected hospital administrators to collect data within the premises.
Written and verbal consent was obtained from the recipients at the beginning of the questionnaire.
No information that leads to the identification of any individual was taken as the confidentiality and anonymity of the participants was the highest priority.
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