Protein was extracted from human HCC samples or HCC cells using radio-immunoprecipiation assay (RIPA) lysis buffer in the presence of PhosSTOP phosphatase inhibitor mixture (Roche) and protease inhibitor mixture (Roche). Equal amounts of protein were subjected to electrophoresis using 10% (vol/vol) SDS/PAGE. Antibodies against TKT (Abcam) and β-actin (Sigma) were used for Western blotting.
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