Clinical HCC and corresponding adjacent NT liver tissue were obtained from patients at Queen Mary Hospital, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, and Queen Elizabeth Hospital in Hong Kong. Tissue specimens were snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at –80 °C for RNA or protein extraction. Human HCC cell lines SMMC and MHCC97L were gifts from the Shanghai Institute of Cell Biology (Chinese Academy of Sciences) and Fudan University of Shanghai, respectively.
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