Acquisition and Processing of Images.

We used a CCD camera (model KAI-02050, TRUESENSE) to acquire images generated by our device. The cover glass on the CCD was removed to enable the close contact between the devices. To obtain focal spots of light in Fig. 3A, a collimated He–Ne laser (model 1108, Edmund Optics) with uniform distribution in light intensity was used as the light source and a flat BPE was butt-coupled with the CCD. The images in Fig. 4 C and F were generated by a double-convex lens (BK-7, Thorlabs) with a focal length of 100 mm, and were processed by an algorithm based on a superresolution image reconstruction method and coded in MATLAB. The image shown in Fig. 4G was acquired by scanning the CCD with a five-axis stage consisting of three linear stages (PT1, Thorlabs) and two rotation stages (PR01 and RBB18A, Thorlabs).