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Surgical technique

MW M. T. Walach
MW M. F. Wunderle
NH N. Haertel
JM J. K. Mühlbauer
KK K. F. Kowalewski
NW N. Wagener
NR N. Rathmann
MK M. C. Kriegmair
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The operative approach in patients undergoing NSS was either open NSS, robot-assisted NSS using the da Vinci Xi® surgical system or laparoscopic NSS performed via transperitoneal approach. The surgical technique was described in detail previously [19]. Patients who underwent an ablation procedure were either treated with microwave ablation (n = 6) or irreversible electroporation (n = 16). Ablation procedures were carried out by the interventional radiologists at our institution. Open Surgery was performed by 11 experienced surgeons, who have each already performed at least 100 open partial nephrectomies in our highly standardized technique. Likewise, robot-assisted partial nephrectomy was only performed by experienced surgeons. The procedural management was described in detail previously [20, 21].

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