2.2.6. Morphology Observation of the Liposome under Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)

The liposome sample was prepared by a negative staining method. Phosphotungstic acid (PTA) was deposited on the periphery of the liposome, making the liposome and its background a strong contrast. Then, 0.2 g of PTA powder was dissolved in 20 mL ddH₂O in a dark environment. A total of 5 µL liposome solution was dropped on the copper mesh and dried for 5 min. Then, 5 µL of PTA were then added and incubated for 8 min to allow heavy metals to settle around the liposome. A TEM (JEM-1400, JOEL, Tokyo, Japan) was employed to observe the morphology of the liposome.