Data Analysis

The interviews were transcribed and read through, along with the field notes and observations taken by the interviewer and the 6 drawings created by the children [13], to gain a global picture of the data. A descriptive qualitative analysis was then applied to identify themes and patterns identified in the data sources [37]. First, open coding was performed diligently to remain close to the original data. Second, code reduction or clustering was performed to create categories and remove redundant codes [37]. Third, axial coding was performed to find the links between the main categories to generate overarching themes and subthemes. Finally, the original data were revisited to ensure that the child’s experience was properly interpreted and described [37]. Through this process, themes and subthemes across the children’s responses were identified. For each theme and subtheme generated, various examples were used to highlight particular points within the children’s dialogue. Ongoing meetings with the research team were held to discuss how to answer the research question, explore how the data could be best summarized, and check whether designated quotations fit the proposed themes and subthemes. The selected French quotes were subsequently translated into English. Throughout the entire process, an audit trail, composed primarily of methodological and analytical documentation, was kept, permitting the reproducibility and transferability of the process.