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The levels of 12 inflammatory cytokines, namely, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ); interleukin (IL)-1β, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 17A; tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α); granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF); and interferon gamma-inducible protein-10 (IP-10) were determined using commercial ELISA assay (Qiagen, Germany) as per the manufacturer’s instruction. Differences were considered significant when p is <0.05 or <0.01 or <0.001 or 0.0001 based on Welch’s two-tailed t-test.

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