RNA extraction and real-time reverse transcription-PCR were performed in accordance with previously described methods [25]. Specific oligonucleotide primers and probes for rat TGF-β1 (assay ID: Rn00572010_m1), rat collagen type I (assay ID: Rn01463848_m1), rat collagen type III (assay ID: Rn01437681_m1), rat interleukin (IL)-1β (assay ID: Rn00580432_m1), rat IL-6 (assay ID: Rn01410330_m1), human TSG-6 (assay ID: Hs00200180_m1), and 18S rRNA (endogenous control) were obtained as TaqMan Gene Expression Assays (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA). mRNA levels were normalized to the level of 18S rRNA.
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