SEM analysis was carried out to characterize the morphology of membranous implants. Either SIS or TEP membranes were fixed in 2% glutaraldehyde and then each specimen was subjected to sequential dehydration in 30, 50, 70, 90, and 100% ethanol for 15 min each. The final incubation in 100% ethanol was performed three times after replacing with fresh ethanol each time. Following this, specimens were subjected to critical point drying and gold sputter coating. The surface ultrastructure and morphology of the TEP and SIS were then visualized using SEM (JSW-680LA, Japan).
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