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Statistical analysis

ZW Zheng Wang
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We used Review Manager version 5.3 (The Cochrane Collaboration, Software Update, Oxford) for data analyses. P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Continuous outcomes were analyzed using weighted mean difference (WMD), while dichotomous outcomes were analyzed using odds ratios (OR) or risk ratios (RR). If means and standard deviations (SDs) of continuous outcomes were not provided, we used methods described by Hozo et al. [25] to calculate means and SDs from means and range values or medians and range values. Besides, we used the Chi-squared test and Higgins I-squared test to calculate Heterogeneity. The value of P < 0.05 and I2 > 50% was considered as high heterogeneity, and therefore, a random-effects model was applied; otherwise, a fixed-effects model was applied. If high heterogeneity existed, we conducted sensitivity analysis by removing one study each time to decrease heterogeneity. Publication bias was assessed using Begg’s funnel plot.

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