Superoxide radicals were detected using a Cellular Superoxide Detection Assay kit (Abcam, Cambridge, UK). The isolated chloroplasts were incubated with superoxide detection mix for 30 min at 37 °C. The positive control was incubated with 0.2 ml/l pyocyanine. After washing, superoxide-positive chloroplasts (red) were observed using a Canon EOS 60D camera (Tokyo, Japan) and Delta IB-10 optical microscope set (Poland) with filter fluorescence set (× 400 magnification).
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