The Children’s sleep habits questionnaire (CSHQ)

The Children’s sleep habits questionnaire (CSHQ) is an international standard questionnaire for the assessment of children’s sleep. CSHQ consisted of 33 scoring items and divided into eight dimensions: bedtime resistance, sleep onset delay, sleep duration, sleep anxiety, night waking, parasomnia, sleep disordered breathing and daytime sleepiness. Parents were asked to recall sleep behaviors occurring in a recent week (rarely = sleep behavior occurring 0 to 1 times/week; sometimes = sleep behavior occurring 2 to 4 times/week; usually = sleep behavior occurring 5 to 7 times/week) [33]. Assigned 1, 2, 3 points according to the options. Higher total scores imply more serious sleep problems. A total score ≥ 41 indicates sleep disorder, and the criterion for each dimension is that the score of each dimension exceeded Mean + 2SD. The cut-off score of each dimension are 10.84 (bedtime resistance), 2.31 (sleep onset delay), 5.27 (sleep duration), 7.79 (sleep anxiety), 5.29(night waking), 10.61 (parasomnia), 4.5 (sleep disordered breathing), 15.24 (daytime sleepiness), respectively [34]. CSHQ has been widely used in China, and has good reliability and validity. The. Chinese version of the full scale Cronbach’s alpha coefficient is 0.73; and the sub-scale’s alpha coefficient ranges from 0.42 to 0.69 [35].