The AWR test was performed after rats being fasted for food for 24 h. Rats were anesthetized with intraperitoneal injection with 3% pentobarbital sodium, the balloon end of the double-channel catheter (diameter 2.7 mm) coated with paraffin oil was inserted about 2 cm from the anal margin, and the catheter was fixed at the root of the rat tail with adhesive tape. The rats were put into a special transparent observation box, in which they could not turn around but could only move forward and backward. After adaptation for 30 min, inflating the balloon with capacity of 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 mL was, respectively, used to enlarge the gut at an interval of 10 min each time. The procedure was repeated for three times for each rat, and the average value of the three times was taken. The scoring standard was conducted according to the previous study [26].
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