2.3.1. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) of Electrospun PVA Nanofiber

Electrospinning was performed to prepared electrospun PVA nanofibers at room temperature. The morphological appearance of electrospun PVA nanofiber will be examined by using the SEM of JEOL-JSM6380LA (Tokyo, Japan), which operates at 15 kV at 30 µm magnification under a high vacuum. Each of the electrospun PVA nanofiber samples was sputtered with a thin layer of gold before SEM observation. Based on these SEM images, the average diameter of the PVA electrospun nanofiber been measured and reported as an average value. The width and diameter distribution of the nanofibers were determined by using Image J 1.44p Java 1.6.0_20 (32-bit) software with sampling sizes of at least 50 fibers from the SEM micrograph.