The peptide ligand was synthesized according to standard solid-phase Fmoc/tBu chemistry, functionalized with a maleimide group and conjugated in solution through Michael addition with the 5′-thiol-modified A1 oligonucleotide. The 3′-terminus of the DNA strand was instead functionalized with a fluorophore (either Flc or TAMRA) for further spectroscopic tracking (Supplementary Methods).
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