2.4. Cell Death Assays

For HR assays, the leaves of 7 days post-inoculation (dpi) plants were stained with trypan blue in lactophenol solution (lactic acid:glycerol:liquid phenol:distilled water (1:1:1:1), 0.067% w/v trypan blue) in universal tubes and heated in a boiling water bath for 2 min. After cooling, the solution was replaced with chloral hydrate (2.5 g/mL), and samples were shaken until leaves were fully destained. For observations, the chloral hydrate was replaced with 60% glycerol.