The study evaluated the cell viability of human gingiva fibroblasts (HGF-1) on titanium, lithium, and zirconia with two different surface roughnesses (0.07 µm and 0.2 µm). The cell viability was assessed based on cell vitality, proliferation, and cytotoxicity, whereas the expression of FGF2 and TNFα was assessed based on the protein expression analysis. Cell morphology was recorded based on SEM analysis.
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