2.2. Identification of Cap Analysis of Gene Expression (CAGE) Derived Transcription Start Sites

Cap Analysis of Gene Expression (CAGE) is a powerful experimental technique for assisting in the identification of transcription start sites (TSSs;) [32,33]. The FANTOM Consortium2 has extensively applied CAGE on hundreds of tissues and cell lines of humans and mice and characterized the regulatory mechanisms of gene expression. Analysis of FANTOM5 database was performed using Zenbu browser genomic data visualization tools (https://fantom.gsc.riken.jp/zenbu/ accessed on 1 May 2021). Robust CAGEs defined by DPI clustering falling inside the RefSeq regions of KDM5C, ARX, PHF8 and ZNF711 genes were selected. The expression values are shown in Tags Per Million (TPM) calculated on a per-library total expression. TPM values were obtained for each CAGE using the FANTOM5 expression dataset for tissues, cell lines, and primary cells in human and mouse (Supplementary Tables S1 and S2).