Preparation and Characterization of SAEW

The SAEW was prepared from electrolysis of 7% hydrochloric acid, using a SAEW generator (Purester m-Clean; Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) at 12.8 V and 5.0 A. A dual-scale pH/mV meter (Accumet AB15; Fisher Scientific, Fair Lawn, NJ, United States) equipped with bearing ORP and pH electrodes was used to determine the ORP and pH values of the prepared solution. The ACC was measured using a colorimetric method of a digital chlorine test kit (RC-3F; Kasahara Chemical Co., Saitama, Japan). The SAEW generation rates were achieved at a flow rate of 10.0 L/min. Initial SAEW had an ORP of 975 ± 2 mV, a pH range of 5.46 ± 0.01, and an ACC of 26.65 ± 0.84 ppm. After production, the SAEW was placed in a stainless-steel tank developed in the lab for disinfection. The laboratory scale of SAEW tank is 1.6 m (length), 0.8 m (depth), and 0.8 m (width).