2.2. Cell Culture and Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation

The RAW264.7 mouse cell line was obtained from the Bioresource Collection and Research Center in Taiwan. Cells were maintained in DMEM medium supplemented with 10% FBS, 2 mM glutamine, 100 U/mL penicillin at 37 °C and in a humidified 5% CO₂. After KMUP-1 pretreatment, the cells were incubated with 1 µg/mL lipopolysaccharides (LPS) for 24 h to stimulate inflammation.