Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction

Total RNA was extracted with TRI Reagent (Sigma-Aldrich), and 0.5 to 1 μg was retrotranscribed using the High-Capacity Reverse Transcription Kit (Applied Biosystems). qRT-PCR was performed on a StepOnePlus instrument (Applied Biosystem) using SYBR Green Master Mix (Applied Biosystems) following the manufacturer’s indications. qRT-PCR data were analyzed according to the 2-^ΔΔCt method using glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (Gapdh) levels as a reference control gene. Data are presented as mean of log₂ fold changes. Primers sequences used in this study are shown in data file S2.