2.3.2. Psycho Social Well-Being Index Short Form (PWI-SF)

The social–psychological stress PWI-SF is the Likert-4 scale of “not at all” to “always” of the degree of the physical and psychological state experienced or felt in recent weeks [34]. PWI-SF converts the score to 0–1–2–3, and the total score is distributed between 0 and 54 points. Thus, 0–8 points are defined as a healthy group, 9–26 points a potential stress group, and 27–54 points as a high-risk group, meaning that the higher the score, the higher the stress level [35]. In this study, based on the classification of PWI-SF [34], participants were divided into a healthy group, a potential stress group, and a high-risk group, and the in-item fit coefficient was found to be 0.88.