4.14.1. BSA Denaturation Inhibition Assay

Inhibition of albumin denaturation was checked by the standard method⁶⁴ with slight modification. Five different concentrations of three gold nanocomposites (A, B, and E) were made (200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 μg/mL) and added to 1.8 mL of 1% BSA solution. The pH was adjusted to 6.5 using 1 N HCl, and the solution was incubated at 37 °C for 20 min and then heated to 57 °C for 10 min. After cooling, turbidity was measured using a UV–vis spectrophotometer at a 660 nm absorbance. Diclofenac sodium was used as the standard, and a solution without a sample/extract was considered as the control. The experiment was done in duplicates. The relative percentage inhibition of protein denaturation was calculated.