Plant material and extract preparation

The Withania somnifera (WS) roots used in the experiment were collected from Anand (GJ, India) and authenticated. A hydroalcoholic and water extraction was carried out for WS root powder. Withania somnifera hydroalcoholic extract (WSHA) and Withania somnifera water extract (WSW) were 10 and 12% in weight and stored at 4 to 8°C for further studies. The Tinospora cordifolia (TC) sample was collected from Ratnagiri (MH, India) and authenticated. The stem was dried and powdered. A hydroalcoholic and water extraction was carried out, giving 6.6% and 7% yield. Tinospora cordifolia hydroalcoholic extract (TCHA) and Tinospora cordifolia water extract (TCW) were stored at 4-8°C. The Asparagus racemosus (AR) roots used in the experiment were collected from Anand (GJ, India) and authenticated. The dried and pulverized AR sample (100 g) was extracted with hydroalcohol and water as Asparagus racemosus hydroalcoholic extract (ARHA) and Asparagus racemosus water extract (ARW) giving 30% and 20% yield, respectively. The voucher specimen samples were submitted, and plant authentication was done by the Botanical Survey of India Arid Zone Regional Centre Jodhpur (IN). Further, all specimens were deposited at the Department of Botany, Pharmanza Herbal Pvt Ltd, (Anand, Gujarat, IN).