Bile diluted 1/400th methanol was diluted to either 1/1200th or 1/36,000th in a Phenomenex Verex 9 mm vial containing internal standard solution (0.3 μM of D4 taurolithocholic acid-d4 [TLCA-d4], D4 taurodeoxycholic acid-d4 [TDCA-d4], D6 deoxycholic acid-d6 [DCA-d6], D5 cholic acid-d5 [CA-d5], D4 taurocholic acid-d4 [TCA-d4], D4 tauroursodeoxycholic acid-d4 [TUDCA-d4], D5 lithocholic acid-d5 [LCA-d5], and D4 chenodeoxycholic acid-d4 [CDCA-d4]) in water. Steroidal bile acids were detected and quantified as previously described (39).
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