2.6. Determination for Singlet Oxygen Production by DPBF

In a typical DPBF experiment, DPBF was dissolved in EtOH (400 μL, 1 mM). Then, β-NaYF₄@SiO₂@mSiO₂ loaded with rose bengal was added (2 mg). The solution was kept in the dark and irradiated using a 980-nm laser for 40 min, and the absorbance of DPBF at 410 nm was collected every 5 min. As a control, the solution of upconverting nanorods without loading photosensitizer molecules containing an equal amount of DPBF was measured under 980-nm irradiation.