寄生虫蛋白质提取物的制备和蛋白印迹分析

Arlett  Heiber; Tobias  Spielmann

doi:10.21769/BioProtoc.1136

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Peer-reviewed

Preparation of Parasite Protein Extracts and Western Blot Analysis

寄生虫蛋白质提取物的制备和蛋白印迹分析

A Arlett Heiber

TS Tobias Spielmann email

发布: 2014年06月05日第4卷第11期 DOI: 10.21769/BioProtoc.1136 浏览次数: 25147

评审: Kanika GeraFanglian HeAnonymous reviewer(s)

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The authors used this protocol in:

Cover of PLOS Pathogens, featuring study using the protocol.

Aug 2013

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Abstract

In order to prepare protein extracts of Plasmodium falciparum blood stages for western blot analysis, infected red blood cells (iRBC) need to be separated from uninfected red blood cells (uRBC) which make up the bulk of the parasite culture. Depending on the localisation of the parasite protein of interest, different methods are available to achieve this. If the protein is present within the parasite or is attached to a cellular structure of the iRBC cell, saponin can be used. This reagent lyses the membranes of infected and uninfected erythrocytes, the Maurer´s clefts (vesicular structures in the iRBC) and the parasitophorous vacuole membrane containing the parasite but leaves the parasite plasma membrane intact, providing a convenient procedure to isolate intact parasites without uRBCs. However, this method has the disadvantage that the host cell cytosol and the parasitophorous vacuole (PV) content of iRBCs are lost. If this has to be avoided, it is possible to use a Percoll gradient to separate intact iRBCs from uRBCs. Sequential treatment with Tetanolysin and saponin can then be used to selectively release the iRBC cytosol and the PV content from the parasite. These selective lysis methods are also suitable to determine the subcellular localisation of a protein of interest.

Keywords: Parasitology (parasitology)

Malaria (疟疾)

Plasmodium falciparum (恶性疟原虫)

Western blotting (Western blot分析)

Materials and Reagents

Parasite culture
1. Plasmodium falciparum (e.g. clonal line 3D7)
2. Sterile, human 0⁺ erythrocyte concentrate (Blood bank)
3. RPMI complete medium (see Recipes)
  1. RPMI-1640 (AppliChem GmbH, catalog number: A1538,9010 )
  2. NaHCO₃ (Sigma-Aldrich, catalog number: S5761 )
  3. Glucose (Merck KgaA, catalog number: 1.08342.1000 )
  4. Albumax II (Life Technologies, Gibco^®, catalog number: 11021-037 )
  5. Hypoxanthine (Sigma-Aldrich, catalog number: H9636 )
  6. 40 mg/ml gentamicine (Ratiopharm)
Parasite protein extraction
1. Sorbitol (Sigma-Aldrich)
2. Triton X-114 (Enzo Life Sciences)
3. 10x PBS (see Recipes)
4. 0.03 % saponin lysis buffer (Sigma-Aldrich, catalog number: S4521 ) (see Recipes)
5. Parasite lysis buffer (see Recipes)
6. Tetanolysin (List Biological Labs, catalog number: 199 ) (see Recipes)
7. 25x protease inhibitor cocktail mini (Roche Diagnostics, catalog number: 11836170001 ) (see Recipes)
8. Percoll solutions (GE Healthcare, catalog number: 17-0891-02 ) (see Recipes)
SDS-Page and western blot analysis
1. PageRuler Prestained Protein Ladder (Thermo Fisher Scientific)
2. Tris (Merck KGaA)
3. CAPS (Sigma-Aldrich)
4. SDS (SERVA Electrophoresis GmbH)
5. Low fat milk powder (blotting grade) (Carl Roth, catalog number: T145.2 )
6. ECL solution/Western Blot Detection Kit (Pierce Antibodies)
7. Antibodies (e.g. mouse anti-GFP, Roche Diagnostics, catalog number: 11814460001 ; horseradish peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-mouse, dianova GmbH, catalog number: 115-035-062 )
8. Electrophoresis buffer (see Recipes)
9. 5x SDS sample buffer (see Recipes)
10. 1 M Tris buffer (pH 6.8) (see Recipes)
11. 1.5 M Tris buffer (pH 8.8) (see Recipes)
12. Polyacrylamide gel with 5% stacking gel and 12% separating gel (see Recipes)
13. CAPS buffer (1 L, 10 mM, pH 11.3) (see Recipes)
14. Blocking solution (50 ml) (see Recipes)

Equipment

Falcon tubes (15 ml, 50 ml)
Centrifuge
Eppendorf tubes (1.5 ml, 2 ml)
Sterilisation filters (0.22 µm)
Thermo block
Gel electrophoresis chamber (Bio-Rad Laboratories)
Nitrocellulose blotting membrane (Whatman, Protran^®)
Chromatography paper (Grade 3 MM CHR) (GE Healthcare)
Tank blot device (Bio-Rad Laboratories)
Rolling device
Transparent sheets
Developer (Agfa-Gevaert Group)
Developing cassette
X-ray film (Agfa-Gevaert Group)

Procedure

English

中文翻译

文章信息

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如何引用

Readers should cite both the Bio-protocol article and the original research article where this protocol was used:

Heiber, A. and Spielmann, T. (2014). Preparation of Parasite Protein Extracts and Western Blot Analysis. Bio-protocol 4(11): e1136. DOI: 10.21769/BioProtoc.1136.
Heiber, A., Kruse, F., Pick, C., Gruring, C., Flemming, S., Oberli, A., Schoeler, H., Retzlaff, S., Mesen-Ramirez, P., Hiss, J. A., Kadekoppala, M., Hecht, L., Holder, A. A., Gilberger, T. W. and Spielmann, T. (2013). Identification of new PNEPs indicates a substantial non-PEXEL exportome and underpins common features in Plasmodium falciparum protein export. PLoS Pathog 9(8): e1003546.