Collagen content was determined by Sirius Red staining. TDSCs were randomly divided into the supernatant, supernatant without HUMSC-Exos, HUMSC-Exos, and the control groups. When TDSCs reached 80% confluence after culturing for 72 h, the cells were first fixed with 4% PFA for 10 min, and then washed thrice with PBS. The Sirius Red reagent (Hyclone, USA) was then added for 30 min at room temperature. The color was eluted with a 1-mL mixed solution of NaOH and absolute methanol at an equal ratio. The fluorescence was measured at a wavelength of 540 nm using a spectrophotometer (BioTek Instruments Inc., VT, USA).
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