The Transwell migration assay was used to evaluate the metastatic ability of cancer cells. The Transwell chamber had a 6.5-mm diameter insert with an 8.0-μm pore size. The cells treated with the supernatant were starved for 2 h with a serum-free medium. The lower chamber was filled with 600-μL of RPMI 1640 medium containing 10% FBS. The aforementioned treated T24 and EJ cells were counted and resuspended in a serum-free medium, and 200-μL of the cell suspension was added to the upper chamber at a density of 2 × 105/mL. The cells were incubated at 37 °C for 24 h. The cells penetrating the upper chamber were immobilized with methanol for 30 min and stained with crystal violet for 20 min. The cells were photographed under a microscope, and the cells passing through the upper chamber were counted.
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