Cultured RA FLS were stimulated with 10 ng/ml TNF for 24 h or were left untreated (Additional file 2: Table S2). From each patient cell line, 50'000 cells were prepared according to the protocol by Buenrostro et al [76]. ATAC-seq libraries were sequenced on Illumina HiSeq 4000 with 75 bp paired end reads. The reads were QC’d with FastQC for read quality, and the Nextera-transposase adaptors were trimmed with cutadapt [77]. The reads were aligned with Bowtie 2 to the GRCh38 human reference. PCR duplicates were identified and removed by Picard Tools prior to peak calling using MACS2 [78]. Both broad and narrow peaks were called as ATAC-seq can have properties of both.
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