To induce NEC in piglets, timed-pregnant White Yorkshire (Yorkshire x Landrace) sows were obtained from Oak Hill Genetics, and piglets were delivered prematurely via cesarean section at ~95% gestation as we have described51, in a modification of the work of Sangild et al52. NEC was induced in piglets of either gender, which were randomly divided into control and test groups, by gavage formula at 15 mL per kg every 3 h (120 mL per kg body weight per day) for 4 days (n = 7) of the following (per liter): Pepdite Junior (93.9 g; Nutricia), MCT Oil (38.3 g, USP grade; Now Foods), whey protein isolate (56 g, Now Foods), and 837 g water, which was supplemented with enteric bacteria made from a specimen obtained from an infant with surgical NEC.
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