Data collection and summary

In each study, we extracted the following items: name of the first author, publication year, country, institution, study design, sample size, number of total patients in the denosumab group (preoperative denosumab followed by curettage) or control group (curettage only), local recurrence in denosumab group or control group, tumor site, Campanacci stage ³, previous surgery (primary or recurrent cases), usage of chemical adjuncts during the curettage process, duration of preoperative denosumab, usage of postoperative denosumab, follow-up time, and matched or unmatched factors between the two groups. The duration of preoperative denosumab was transformed from dosage of denosumab if only the dosage was reported in specific studies. Data collection was conducted by two investigators independently, and any disagreement was resolved through group discussion.