DNA was extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor tissue using the MiniBEST Universal Genomic DNA Extraction kit (TaKaRa) and amplified. A Bethesda microsatellite panel (BAT25, BAT26, MFD15, D2S123, and D5S346) was used to identify MSI status. MSI-H was defined as the presence of at least two MSI markers. The presence of a single instability marker and the absence of instability markers were grouped together as microsatellite stable (MSS) CRC.
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