2.6. Sample Size Calculation

To our knowledge, the association of the MoCA-J score with tongue pressure in dental outpatients has not been reported yet. However, the correlation between the mini-mental state examination score and tongue pressure has been analyzed (r = 0.33) [27]. The sample size was estimated using G* Power (ver. 3.1.9.4, Universität Kiel, Kiel, Germany), and minimum sample sizes were calculated using a correlation test because both the MoCA-J score and tongue pressure are continuous variables. Considering an effect size of 0.35, α of 0.10, and power (1 − β) of 0.80, a minimum sample size of 46 was required.