pcDNA3.1–interleukin receptor–associated kinase (pcDNA3.1-IRAK3) was obtained from GenePharma (Shanghai, China), and 5-aza-dC ((5-aza-2ʹ-deoxycytidine, 5-aza-dC) and signaling pathway inhibitor PD325901 were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (MO, USA). U251 cells were seeded in six-well plates at 1 × 106 cells/well and cultured at 37°C and 5% CO2 until the cell confluence reached 40%–60%. Transfections were executed using Lipofectamine 2000 (Invitrogen, CA, USA) following the manufacturer’s protocols. The medium was changed with the complete medium after 6 h of transfection.
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