Total RNA was extracted using the QIAamp MinElute Virus Spin Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) in the case of mosquito homogenates and northern goshawk brain tissue samples. Total viral nucleic acid was extracted from 200 µL of human serum, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-treated whole blood, and urine samples using a High Pure Viral Nucleic Acid Kit (Roche Life Science, Mannheim, Germany).
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