Urapidil, nitroglycerin or sodium nitroprusside was injected into AAD patients combined who had high blood pressure to maintain the systolic blood pressure (SBP) at 100–120 mm Hg. All patients were given beta blockers except for contraindications. Patients with acute type A aortic dissection and a minimal number of patients with acute type B aortic dissection were surgically repaired under cardiopulmonary bypass. Under general anesthesia, endovascular repair was performed on acute type B aortic dissection patients using available grafts. AAD Patients who did not undergo surgery were given conservative medical treatment (Nienaber and Clough, 2015).
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