All statistical analyses and figure generation were performed using GraphPad Prism 9 (GraphPad Software, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA), with experimental data presented as Mean ± SEM. Based on data distribution, group differences were analyzed using a t-test or one-way ANOVA analysis for normally distributed data, whereas nonparametric tests were applied for non-normally distributed data. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.
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