Statistical analysis

Statistical analysis was done by SPSS software for Windows version 25 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). Numerical data were reported as mean ± standard deviation and categorical data as frequency and percentage. The normality of data was assessed by Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. Nonnormally positive skewed data were subjected to logarithmic transformation for normalizing data. Continuous and categorical baseline variables were compared between two groups using independent samples t-test or Mann–Whitney U-test and Chi-squared, respectively. Furthermore, the continuous and categorical study outcomes were compared by using independent sample t-test and Chi-squared (or Fisher exact t-test when appropriate). For evaluating the interaction between intervention and type of PAA, we use two-way multivariate analysis of variance (two-way MANOVA).