All pancreatic cancer cell lines and pancreatic normal ductal cell line were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA). Meanwhile, all of the cells were authenticated by short tandem repeat (STR) analysis and regularly tested for mycoplasma contamination. BxPC-3 and HPAF-II cell lines were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium (Corning, #10–040-CV). CFPAC-1 and Capan-1 cell lines were cultured in Iscove’s Modified Dulbecco Medium (IMDM; Corning, #15–016-CV). PANC-1, MIA PaCa-2, SW1990, PaTu 8902, AsPC-1, T3M4 and Panc 10.05 cell lines were cultured in high glucose Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM; Corning, #10–013-CMR). All medium were supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (HyClone, #SH30073.03) and 1% Penicillin–Streptomycin (Life Technologies, #15,140–122). Cells were routinely maintained at 37℃ with 5% CO2.
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