2.2. Participant Selection

We aimed to examine a group of ICU patients aged 14 or older, considering demographic information such as age and gender and laboratory results encompassing lactic acid, blood sugar, and WBC. We also used nursing assessments, including measuring SBP, temperature, pulse, respiratory rate, and SpO2. Although an elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) indicates infection, its specificity is questioned for diagnosing sepsis. However, including more biomarker for early prognostication in septic shock patients in future studies are recommended. The study included all ICU patients, with and without sepsis, who had laboratory tests between April and October 2018.